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	Welcome   | My Account | E-mail Alerts | Access Rights | Sign In Vol. 9 No. 5, May 2000   Archives  •  Online Features Original Contribution  This Article  • Full text  • PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Citing articles on ISI (149)  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Related article  • Similar articles in this journal  Topic Collections  • Violence and Human Rights  • Violence and Human Rights, Other  • Women's Health  • Women's Health, Other  • Psychiatry  • Stress  • Psychiatry, Other  • Alert me on articles by topic Physical Health Consequences of Physical and Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Ann L. Coker, PhD; Paige H. Smith, PhD, MSPH; Lesa Bethea, MD; Melissa R. King, MSPH; Robert E. McKeown, PhD Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:451-457. Background  Past studies that have addressed the health effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) have defined IPV as violence based on physical blows that frequently cause injuries. To our knowledge, no epidemiologic research has assessed the physical health consequences of psychological forms of IPV. Objective  To estimate IPV prevalence by type and associated physical health consequences among women seeking primary health care. Design  Cross-sectional survey. Setting and Participants  A total of 1152 women, aged 18 to 65 years, recruited from family practice clinics from February 1997 through January 1999 and screened for IPV during a brief in-clinic interview; health history and current status were assessed in a follow-up interview. Results  Of 1152 women surveyed, 53.6% ever experienced any type of partner violence; 13.6% experienced psychological IPV without physical IPV. Women experiencing psychological IPV were significantly more likely to report poor physical and mental health (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.69 for physical health and 1.74 for mental health). Psychological IPV was associated with a number of adverse health outcomes, including a disability preventing work (adjusted RR, 1.49), arthritis (adjusted RR, 1.67), chronic pain (adjusted RR, 1.91), migraine (adjusted RR, 1.54) and other frequent headaches (adjusted RR, 1.41), stammering (adjusted RR, 2.31), sexually transmitted infections (adjusted RR, 1.82), chronic pelvic pain (adjusted RR, 1.62), stomach ulcers (adjusted RR, 1.72), spastic colon (adjusted RR, 3.62), and frequent indigestion, diarrhea, or constipation (adjusted RR, 1.30). Psychological IPV was as strongly associated with the majority of adverse health outcomes as was physical IPV. Conclusions  Psychological IPV has significant physical health consequences. 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